Praying while sitting is permissible under certain conditions, particularly for individuals who are ill or too weak to stand. If someone struggles to stand or if standing worsens their condition, they may pray sitting down. Individuals who are able to stand but are unable to perform ruku (bowing) or sujood (prostration) due to illness or physical limitations may also pray sitting, using gestures (imā) to perform these actions.
For such individuals, while sitting, they can bow and prostrate by leaning forward more than for bowing, and use gestures for the prostration. This type of prayer is valid in Islam and is based on the person’s physical strength and health condition.