According to Hanafi scholars, the Quran states, “Allah enjoins upon them what is right and forbids them what is wrong. He permits for them what is lawful and prohibits for them what is impure” (Surah Al-A’raf, 7:157). Based on this, all animals that live entirely in water and cannot survive on land, such as fish species, are considered lawful to eat. This includes fish like flounder, carp, dolphin, and eel.
However, creatures that do not belong to the fish family or are not purely aquatic are considered impure and unfit for consumption. Therefore, animals such as crabs, mussels, oysters, lobsters, snails, sea turtles, and octopus are deemed impure, and eating them is not permissible.
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