Unless there exists a legitimate excuse that prevents the continuation of the fast or renders it extremely difficult—such as illness, travel, or genuine inability to endure it—it is sinful to break the fast of Ramadan. If the fast is deliberately broken without a valid excuse, both qaḍāʾ (making up the missed day) and kaffārah (expiation, consisting of fasting sixty consecutive days) are required.
However, if hunger or thirst reaches an extreme level and there is serious concern that the person may face significant harm or severe hardship during the day, then breaking the fast becomes permissible (mubāḥ). In such a case, the fast must later be made up day for day (qaḍāʾ). Since it was broken due to a legitimate excuse, no kaffārah is required.